ANTLR - Semantic Predicates

Parsing simple grammar with antlr is simple. All you have to do is to use regular expressions to describe your language and let antlr generate lexer and parser. Parsing big or complicated languages occasionally require more, because describing them in regular expressions only can be hard or even impossible.

Semantic predicates are java (or C++, or JavaScript, or ...) conditions written inside the grammar. Antlr uses them either to choose between multiple alternatives or as additional assertions to be checked. They can be placed inside both lexer and parser, but this post focus only on their usage within the parser. They add a lot of power to antlr.

Project Report - Less4j

Few months ago I decided to create java port of less.js. Less is an extension of CSS - it adds constants, mixins, ruleset nesting, namespaces and so on. Both reasons why I picked up less and short less introduction are written in introduction into less.

This report starts with current project status and its possible future directions. Second part recaps development and my experiences with used tools. Finally, the last part sums up why did I started with the project in the first place and whether it was worth it.

Travis-CI - Continuous Integration Server

Travis-CI is hosted continuous integration server for Github projects. The continuous integration part is fairly standard: it runs unit tests and report results after each project change.

The hosting part is unusual: the service runs tests on their own infrastructure and provides access to test results. The user does not need his own hardware nor to install and run the server. All that is part of the service.

Any public repository hosted on Github can use Travis-CI for free. Private repositories have to pay and the Travis Pro version they get is a bit different from the regular one.

This post is mainly about the free version. First chapter describes what Travis-CI does. Second part contains few things about Travis-CI server, infrastructure and organization behind it. Mini review with our experiences is located in the last chapter.

Tackling Comments in ANTLR Compiler

Most compilers treat comments as just another meaningless whitespaces. They identify them in the source code and then throw them away. On the other hand, things are a bit harder if you need to know comments content and their position.

Such requirement is not too common and official ANTLR documentation does not says much about how to do it. The compiler we have been working on needed to preserve comments, so we had to come up with our own solution. This post documents it.

First chapter introduces our compiler. It describes what it does, where it is located and how it is written. Second chapter explains our comment preserving requirements. The rest of the post describes datastructures and algorithms used in our solution.

Wro4j, Page Load Optimization and Less.js

Wro4j is primary a JavaScript and CSS merge and minimization library. Its original purpose was to speed up the page load. However, its final design made it easy to add integration with LESS, CoffeScript and few other technologies.

Less was introduced in previous article. In short, it is CSS with object oriented inheritance, variables and few other additional features. It is compiled into regular style sheets and served to the browser. Less was written in JavaScript and usually runs in the browser. If you want to run it on the server side, you have to use wro4j or some other integration library.

The post is mostly wro4j tutorial with focus on Less integration. It explains how wro4j works and how to configure it. There is very little about Less and almost everything is about wro4j.

Inheritance and Variables in CSS with Less

I always missed object oriented inheritance and variables in CSS. Style sheets could be much more readable and maintainable, if they would have ability to say:

• I want this selector color to be just like that one.
• I want this class to be just like that one, with one simple change.

As multiple projects run into CSS explosion and maintenance problems problems, it was only question of time until someone comes with another solution. The original solution came from the Ruby world and is quite simple and elegant:

• extend CSS with needed features,
• compile extended CSS into regular CSS,
• serve the result to the browser.

The browser does not have to deal with a new syntax. It was given standard CSS file and will process it as usually. On the other hand, the programmer had variables, inheritance and few other features available.

Stanford Free Crypto Class - Review

The free online cryptography course I attended this April was taught by Stanford professor Dan Boneh. Its infrastructure and organization are provided by coursera company.

The course was everything I expect from an university course. It explains both the theory and its practical consequences. It shows how ciphers work, how to use them, what are their limitations and why they have been designed the way they have been designed.